schematics spec: finish initial draft

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Starbeamrainbowlabs 2023-08-11 21:50:28 +01:00
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@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ Implementers MUST clearly specify which version(s) of this specific they support
Explanations and descriptions have both a technical description and a formal BNF description. Where the two differ, the formal BNF will always take precedence. Explanations and descriptions have both a technical description and a formal BNF description. Where the two differ, the formal BNF will always take precedence.
## Purpose ## Purpose
The WorldEditAdditions Schematic file format is designed to store schematics of structures in the Minetest world in an efficient text-based format. It is also designed to store just the changes from one copy of the world to another (deltas). The WorldEditAdditions Schematic file format is designed to store schematics of structures in the Minetest world in an efficient text-based format. It is also designed to optionally store just the changes from one state of the world to another (deltas).
In an example situation, a structure in a Minetest world is copied into a WorldEditAdditions Schematic file and saved to disk. At some later time, the resulting schematic file may be parsed and the structure written to a given Minetest world (not necessarily the same world) once more.
The rationale behind this format are as follows: The rationale behind this format are as follows:
@ -31,9 +33,21 @@ WorldEditAdditions Schematics MAY be gzip-compressed. In such cases, the file ex
The voxel-based sandbox building game [Minetest](https://minetest.net/). The voxel-based sandbox building game [Minetest](https://minetest.net/).
> Schematic file
A WorldEdit Additions schematic file.
> Full schematic file(s)
A WorldEdit Additions schematic file with a header value `type` equal to `full`. See [types of schematic](#types-of-schematic).
> Delta schematic file(s)
A WorldEdit Additions schematic file with a header value `type` equal to `delta`. See [types of schematic](#types-of-schematic) and [delta schematics](#delta-schematic-files).
> Deltas > Deltas
The differences between a given region of the world at a given time and the same region some time later. The differences between a given region of the world in some previous state and the current state.
> Schematic origin > Schematic origin
@ -58,7 +72,7 @@ Stands for the ASCII character new line U+0A. Wherever this symbol appears, subs
## Overview ## Overview
The format can be divided into 4 sequential parts: The format can be divided into 4 sequential parts:
1. **Magic bytes:** The string `WEASCHEM\n` is always the beginning of the file. 1. **Magic bytes:** The string `WEASCHEM1\n` is always the beginning of the file.
2. **Header:** Contains metadata about the schematic. 2. **Header:** Contains metadata about the schematic.
3. **ID map:** The map of node ids to their respective node names. 3. **ID map:** The map of node ids to their respective node names.
4. **Data tables:** The actual data itself. 4. **Data tables:** The actual data itself.
@ -66,7 +80,7 @@ The format can be divided into 4 sequential parts:
As an example: As an example:
``` ```
WEASCHEM WEASCHEM1
<json_header> <json_header>
<id_map> <id_map>
<data_table_data> <data_table_data>
@ -80,7 +94,11 @@ WEASCHEM
<nl> ::= "\n" <nl> ::= "\n"
<magic_bytes> ::= WEASCHEM <nl> <magic_bytes> ::= WEASCHEM <version> <nl>
<version> ::= <number>
<number> ::= <digit> | <digit> <number>
<digit> ::= 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
<data_table_list> ::= <data_table> <data_table_list> ::= <data_table>
| <data_table> <nl> <data_table_list> | <data_table> <nl> <data_table_list>
@ -94,9 +112,14 @@ A full (trivial) example file is given below:
WEASCHEM WEASCHEM
{"name":"Test schematic","description": "Some description","size":{"x":5,"y":3,"z":4},"offset":{"x":1,"y":0,"z":2},"type":"full","generator": "WorldEditAdditions v1.14"} {"name":"Test schematic","description": "Some description","size":{"x":5,"y":3,"z":4},"offset":{"x":1,"y":0,"z":2},"type":"full","generator": "WorldEditAdditions v1.14"}
{"0":"default:air","5":"default:stone","14":"default:dirt"} {"0":"default:air","5":"default:stone","14":"default:dirt"}
TODO: Add the data tables 10x5,40x14,0,5,14,5,14,5x0
``` ```
## Magic bytes
The string `WEASCHEM` is always present at the beginning of a WorldEditAdditions schematic file, followed directly by an integer version number.
This specification, as noted above, described WorldEditAdditions schematic files version `1`. It is RECOMMENDED that implementers reject schematic files with a version number that they do not support parsing with a useful error message.
## Header ## Header
The header of the file contains all the metadata about the schematic required to restore it into the world. The header is defined as a JSON object on a single line, followed by a new line (`\n` U+0A): The header of the file contains all the metadata about the schematic required to restore it into the world. The header is defined as a JSON object on a single line, followed by a new line (`\n` U+0A):
@ -180,7 +203,6 @@ A specific example of a header JSON object is noted below. This example is prett
**Note:** Implementers MUST ignore any additional unexpected properties in the header JSON object. **Note:** Implementers MUST ignore any additional unexpected properties in the header JSON object.
### Size and positioning ### Size and positioning
Schematic size and positioning are controlled by 2 properties in the header JSON object: Schematic size and positioning are controlled by 2 properties in the header JSON object:
@ -199,11 +221,27 @@ Implementers MAY choose to add a disabled-by-default option to disable the appli
### Types of schematic ### Types of schematic
WorldEditAdditions Schematic files support two types of schematic: WorldEditAdditions Schematic files support two types of schematic:
1. **`full`:** Full schematics that contain a static snapshot of the world. 1. **`full`:** Full schematic files that contain a static snapshot of the world.
2. **`delta`:** A schematic that contains only the changes between some previous state of the world and the current state of the world. 2. **`delta`:** A schematic that contains only the changes between some previous state of the world and the current state of the world.
TODO: Explain the differences more fully. From here on, these differing types of WorldEditAdditions schematic files will be referred to as follows:
- **`full`:** Full schematic file(s)
- **`delta`:** Delta schematic file(s)
Specifically, the node id value of `-2` represents the fact that no change was made between the previous state and the current state of the world.
### Delta schematic files
Delta schematic files, as described above, store only the changes made to a given Minetest world between 2 different states. The format of delta schematic files differs slightly in that they store both the node id of the previous state *and* the node id of the current state.
**Writing:** When writing out a delta schematic file, the node ID in the previous state *and* the node ID of the current state must be written as described in [the section on data tables](#data-tables).
**Reading:** When reading and parsing a delta schematic file, nodes with a node id of `-2` MUST NOT be changed in the target world. Depending on the operation desired, the implementer may choose to discard either the node id of the previous or the current state:
- **Undo operations:** Node ids of the **previous** state should be kept and used, and node ids of the current state discarded.
- **Redo operations:** Node ids of the **current** state should be kept and used, with node ids of the previous state discarded.
See also the specific notes in the sections below.
## ID map ## ID map
Like the [header](#header), the ID map is also defined as a JSON object on a single line, followed by a new line character (`\n` U+0A): Like the [header](#header), the ID map is also defined as a JSON object on a single line, followed by a new line character (`\n` U+0A):
@ -257,4 +295,54 @@ It is not required that Node IDs in the schematic file be sequential.
## Data tables ## Data tables
TODO: Describe data tables here. The data tables store the actual data in the schematic. This data is stored in flat arrays with optional run-length encoding. Using the `size` given in the header, it is possible to read the data and understand where in the array each block is located. Each data table occupies a single line (delimited with `\n` U+0A as with everything else above).
```bnf
<data_table> ::= <data_table_item>
| <data_table_item> "," <data_table>
<data_table_item> ::= <number>
| <number> x <number>
<number> ::= <digit>
| <digit> <number>
<digit> ::= 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
```
There are currently 2 data tables that are stored in schematics, that MUST be present in the following orders.
For **full** schematic files:
1. **`data`:** The list of node IDs
2. **`param2`:** The list of [`param2`](https://github.com/minetest/minetest/blob/master/doc/lua_api.md#nodes) values
For [**delta** schematic files](#delta-schematic-files):
1. **`data` (previous state):** The list of node IDs for the **previous** state
2. **`data` (current state):** The list of node IDs for the **current** state
3. **`param2`:** The list of [`param2`](https://github.com/minetest/minetest/blob/master/doc/lua_api.md#nodes) values
**Note:** Either type of schematic file MAY contain additional data tables beyond those described here. In such cases, implementers MUST ignore them, and any such tables MUST be present only *after* the data tables described above.
Here's a specific example of the data tables for a sample **full** schematic file:
```
10x5,40x14,0,5,14,5,14,5x0
51x0,255,8x0
```
The first line is the node IDs table (`data`), and the second line are the `param2` values.
Implementers MAY choose to optimise filesize by compacting the node IDs used (e.g. mapping the node id 456 to an id of 5).
**Note:** Node IDs in a schematic file need to be mapped to the node IDs of the target world when writing a schematic to a Minetest world, as they are unlikely to match.
### Special node ids
The following node id values have specific meaning:
Node ID | Purpose
--------|-----------------
-1 | Represents a value of null/nil. This node id value indicates that no node is stored in this cell. When reading a schematic and writing it to the world, implementers MUST NOT alter the pre-existing node in the world that corresponds with this cell.
-2 | **In a delta schematic only,** This node id value indicates that no change was made between the time the schematic was written and the previous time it was compared against. Using this value as a node in a schematic with a `type` of `full` is **invalid**, and in such a case implementers MUST raise an error message and abort reading of the schematic.