#!/usr/bin/env python3
# @source https://keras.io/examples/vision/deeplabv3_plus/
# Required dataset: https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1B9A9UCJYMwTL4oBEo4RZfbMZMaZhKJaz [instance-level-human-parsing.zip]

from datetime import datetime
from loguru import logger

from lib.ai.helpers.summarywriter import summarywriter
from lib.ai.components.CallbackCustomModelCheckpoint import CallbackCustomModelCheckpoint

import os
import io
import math
import json
import cv2
import numpy as np
from glob import glob
from scipy.io import loadmat
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import tensorflow as tf

from lib.dataset.dataset_mono import dataset_mono, dataset_mono_predict
from lib.ai.components.LossCrossEntropyDice import LossCrossEntropyDice
from lib.ai.components.MetricDice import metric_dice_coefficient as dice_coefficient
from lib.ai.components.MetricSensitivity import make_sensitivity as sensitivity
from lib.ai.components.MetricSpecificity import specificity
from lib.ai.components.MetricMeanIoU import make_one_hot_mean_iou as mean_iou

time_start = datetime.now()
logger.info(f"Starting at {str(datetime.now().isoformat())}")


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IMAGE_SIZE = int(os.environ["IMAGE_SIZE"]) if "IMAGE_SIZE" in os.environ else 128 # was 512; 128 is the highest power of 2 that fits the data
BATCH_SIZE = int(os.environ["BATCH_SIZE"]) if "BATCH_SIZE" in os.environ else 64
NUM_CLASSES = 2
DIR_RAINFALLWATER = os.environ["DIR_RAINFALLWATER"]
PATH_HEIGHTMAP = os.environ["PATH_HEIGHTMAP"]
PATH_COLOURMAP = os.environ["PATH_COLOURMAP"]
PARALLEL_READS = float(os.environ["PARALLEL_READS"]) if "PARALLEL_READS" in os.environ else 1.5
STEPS_PER_EPOCH = int(os.environ["STEPS_PER_EPOCH"]) if "STEPS_PER_EPOCH" in os.environ else None
REMOVE_ISOLATED_PIXELS = False if "NO_REMOVE_ISOLATED_PIXELS" in os.environ else True
EPOCHS = int(os.environ["EPOCHS"]) if "EPOCHS" in os.environ else 50
LOSS = os.environ["LOSS"] if "LOSS" in os.environ else "cross-entropy-dice" # other possible valuesL cross-entropy
DICE_LOG_COSH = True if "DICE_LOG_COSH" in os.environ else False
LEARNING_RATE = float(os.environ["LEARNING_RATE"]) if "LEARNING_RATE" in os.environ else 0.001
WATER_THRESHOLD = float(os.environ["WATER_THRESHOLD"]) if "WATER_THRESHOLD" in os.environ else 0.1
UPSAMPLE = int(os.environ["UPSAMPLE"]) if "UPSAMPLE" in os.environ else 2


STEPS_PER_EXECUTION = int(os.environ["STEPS_PER_EXECUTION"]) if "STEPS_PER_EXECUTION" in os.environ else 1
JIT_COMPILE = True if "JIT_COMPILE" in os.environ else False
DIR_OUTPUT=os.environ["DIR_OUTPUT"] if "DIR_OUTPUT" in os.environ else f"output/{datetime.utcnow().date().isoformat()}_deeplabv3plus_rainfall_TEST"

PATH_CHECKPOINT = os.environ["PATH_CHECKPOINT"] if "PATH_CHECKPOINT" in os.environ else None
PREDICT_COUNT = int(os.environ["PREDICT_COUNT"]) if "PREDICT_COUNT" in os.environ else 25
PREDICT_AS_ONE = True if "PREDICT_AS_ONE" in os.environ else False

# ~~~

if not os.path.exists(DIR_OUTPUT):
	os.makedirs(os.path.join(DIR_OUTPUT, "checkpoints"))

# ~~~

logger.info("DeepLabV3+ rainfall radar TEST")
for env_name in [ "BATCH_SIZE","NUM_CLASSES", "DIR_RAINFALLWATER", "PATH_HEIGHTMAP", "PATH_COLOURMAP", "STEPS_PER_EPOCH", "PARALLEL_READS", "REMOVE_ISOLATED_PIXELS", "EPOCHS", "LOSS", "LEARNING_RATE", "DIR_OUTPUT", "PATH_CHECKPOINT", "PREDICT_COUNT", "DICE_LOG_COSH", "WATER_THRESHOLD", "UPSAMPLE", "STEPS_PER_EXECUTION", "JIT_COMPILE", "PREDICT_AS_ONE" ]:
	logger.info(f"> {env_name} {str(globals()[env_name])}")


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if not PREDICT_AS_ONE:
	dataset_train, dataset_validate = dataset_mono(
		dirpath_input=DIR_RAINFALLWATER,
		batch_size=BATCH_SIZE,
		water_threshold=WATER_THRESHOLD,
		rainfall_scale_up=2, # done BEFORE cropping to the below size
		output_size=IMAGE_SIZE,
		input_size="same",
		filepath_heightmap=PATH_HEIGHTMAP,
		do_remove_isolated_pixels=REMOVE_ISOLATED_PIXELS,
		parallel_reads_multiplier=PARALLEL_READS
	)

	logger.info("Train Dataset:", dataset_train)
	logger.info("Validation Dataset:", dataset_validate)
else:
	dataset_train = dataset_mono_predict(
		dirpath_input=DIR_RAINFALLWATER,
		batch_size=BATCH_SIZE,
		water_threshold=WATER_THRESHOLD,
		rainfall_scale_up=2,  # done BEFORE cropping to the below size
		output_size=IMAGE_SIZE,
		input_size="same",
		filepath_heightmap=PATH_HEIGHTMAP,
		do_remove_isolated_pixels=REMOVE_ISOLATED_PIXELS
	)
	logger.info("Dataset AS_ONE:", dataset_train)

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if PATH_CHECKPOINT is None:
	def convolution_block(
		block_input,
		num_filters=256,
		kernel_size=3,
		dilation_rate=1,
		padding="same",
		use_bias=False,
	):
		x = tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(
			num_filters,
			kernel_size=kernel_size,
			dilation_rate=dilation_rate,
			padding="same",
			use_bias=use_bias,
			kernel_initializer=tf.keras.initializers.HeNormal(),
		)(block_input)
		x = tf.keras.layers.BatchNormalization()(x)
		return tf.nn.relu(x)


	def DilatedSpatialPyramidPooling(dspp_input):
		dims = dspp_input.shape
		x = tf.keras.layers.AveragePooling2D(pool_size=(dims[-3], dims[-2]))(dspp_input)
		x = convolution_block(x, kernel_size=1, use_bias=True)
		out_pool = tf.keras.layers.UpSampling2D(
			size=(dims[-3] // x.shape[1], dims[-2] // x.shape[2]), interpolation="bilinear",
		)(x)
		
		out_1 = convolution_block(dspp_input, kernel_size=1, dilation_rate=1)
		out_6 = convolution_block(dspp_input, kernel_size=3, dilation_rate=6)
		out_12 = convolution_block(dspp_input, kernel_size=3, dilation_rate=12)
		out_18 = convolution_block(dspp_input, kernel_size=3, dilation_rate=18)
		
		x = tf.keras.layers.Concatenate(axis=-1)([out_pool, out_1, out_6, out_12, out_18])
		output = convolution_block(x, kernel_size=1)
		return output
	
	
	def DeeplabV3Plus(image_size, num_classes, num_channels=3, backbone="resnet", upsample=2):
		model_input = tf.keras.Input(shape=(image_size, image_size, num_channels))
		if upsample > 1:
			logger.info(f"[DeepLabV3+] Upsample enabled @ {upsample}x")
			x = tf.keras.layers.UpSampling2D(size=2)(model_input)
		else:
			logger.info(f"[DeepLabV3+] Upsample disabled")
			x = model_input
		
		match backbone:
			case "resnet":
				backbone = tf.keras.applications.ResNet50(
					weights="imagenet" if num_channels == 3 else None,
					include_top=False, input_tensor=x
				)
			case _:
				raise Exception(f"Error: Unknown backbone {backbone}")
		
		x = backbone.get_layer("conv4_block6_2_relu").output
		x = DilatedSpatialPyramidPooling(x)
		
		factor = 4 if upsample == 2 else 8 # else: upsample == 1. other values are not supported yet because maths
		input_a = tf.keras.layers.UpSampling2D(
			size=(image_size // factor // x.shape[1] * 2, image_size // factor // x.shape[2] * 2), # <--- UPSAMPLE after pyramid
			interpolation="bilinear",
		)(x)
		input_b = backbone.get_layer("conv2_block3_2_relu").output
		input_b = convolution_block(input_b, num_filters=48, kernel_size=1)

		x = tf.keras.layers.Concatenate(axis=-1)([input_a, input_b])
		x = convolution_block(x)
		x = convolution_block(x)
		x = tf.keras.layers.UpSampling2D(
			size=(image_size // x.shape[1], image_size // x.shape[2]), # <--- UPSAMPLE at end
			interpolation="bilinear",
		)(x)
		model_output = tf.keras.layers.Conv2D(num_classes, kernel_size=(1, 1), padding="same")(x)
		return tf.keras.Model(inputs=model_input, outputs=model_output)

	model = DeeplabV3Plus(
		image_size=IMAGE_SIZE,
		num_classes=NUM_CLASSES,
		upsample=UPSAMPLE,
		num_channels=8
	)
	summarywriter(model, os.path.join(DIR_OUTPUT, "summary.txt"))
else:
	model = tf.keras.models.load_model(PATH_CHECKPOINT, custom_objects={
		# Tell Tensorflow about our custom layers so that it can deserialise models that use them
		"LossCrossEntropyDice": LossCrossEntropyDice,
		"metric_dice_coefficient": dice_coefficient,
		"sensitivity": sensitivity,
		"specificity": specificity,
		"one_hot_mean_iou": mean_iou
	})


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def plot_metric(train, val, name, dir_output):
	plt.plot(train, label=f"train_{name}")
	plt.plot(val, label=f"val_{name}")
	plt.title(name)
	plt.xlabel("epoch")
	plt.ylabel(name)
	plt.savefig(os.path.join(dir_output, f"{name}.png"))
	plt.close()

if PATH_CHECKPOINT is None:
	loss_fn = None
	if LOSS == "cross-entropy-dice":
		loss_fn = LossCrossEntropyDice(log_cosh=DICE_LOG_COSH)
	elif LOSS == "cross-entropy":
		loss_fn = tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True)
	else:
		raise Exception(f"Error: Unknown loss function '{LOSS}' (possible values: cross-entropy, cross-entropy-dice).")
	
	model.compile(
		optimizer=tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=LEARNING_RATE),
		loss=loss_fn,
		metrics=[
			"accuracy",
			dice_coefficient,
			mean_iou(),
			sensitivity(), # How many true positives were accurately predicted
			specificity # How many true negatives were accurately predicted?
			# TODO: Add IoU, F1, Precision, Recall,  here. 
		],
		steps_per_execution=STEPS_PER_EXECUTION,
		jit_compile=JIT_COMPILE
	)
	logger.info(">>> Beginning training")
	history = model.fit(dataset_train,
		validation_data=dataset_validate,
		epochs=EPOCHS,
		callbacks=[
			tf.keras.callbacks.CSVLogger(
				filename=os.path.join(DIR_OUTPUT, "metrics.tsv"),
				separator="\t"
			),
			CallbackCustomModelCheckpoint(
				model_to_checkpoint=model,
				filepath=os.path.join(
					DIR_OUTPUT,
					"checkpoints",
					"checkpoint_e{epoch:d}_loss{loss:.3f}.hdf5"
				),
				monitor="loss"
			),
		],
		steps_per_epoch=STEPS_PER_EPOCH,
	)
	logger.info(">>> Training complete")
	logger.info(">>> Plotting graphs")
	
	plot_metric(history.history["loss"], history.history["val_loss"], "loss", DIR_OUTPUT)
	plot_metric(history.history["accuracy"], history.history["val_accuracy"], "accuracy", DIR_OUTPUT)
	plot_metric(history.history["metric_dice_coefficient"], history.history["val_metric_dice_coefficient"], "dice", DIR_OUTPUT)
	plot_metric(history.history["one_hot_mean_iou"], history.history["val_one_hot_mean_iou"], "mean iou", DIR_OUTPUT)
	plot_metric(history.history["sensitivity"], history.history["val_sensitivity"], "sensitivity", DIR_OUTPUT)
	plot_metric(history.history["specificity"], history.history["val_specificity"], "specificity", DIR_OUTPUT)
	

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# Loading the Colormap
colormap = loadmat(
	PATH_COLOURMAP
)["colormap"]
colormap = colormap * 100
colormap = colormap.astype(np.uint8)


def infer(model, image_tensor, do_argmax=True):
	predictions = model.predict(tf.expand_dims((image_tensor), axis=0))
	predictions = tf.squeeze(predictions)
	return predictions


def decode_segmentation_masks(mask, colormap, n_classes):
	r = np.zeros_like(mask).astype(np.uint8)
	g = np.zeros_like(mask).astype(np.uint8)
	b = np.zeros_like(mask).astype(np.uint8)
	for l in range(0, n_classes):
		idx = mask == l
		r[idx] = colormap[l, 0]
		g[idx] = colormap[l, 1]
		b[idx] = colormap[l, 2]
	rgb = np.stack([r, g, b], axis=2)
	return rgb


def get_overlay(image, coloured_mask):
	image = tf.keras.preprocessing.image.array_to_img(image)
	image = np.array(image).astype(np.uint8)
	overlay = cv2.addWeighted(image, 0.35, coloured_mask, 0.65, 0)
	return overlay


def plot_samples_matplotlib(filepath, display_list):
	plt.figure(figsize=(16, 8))
	for i in range(len(display_list)):
		plt.subplot(2, math.ceil(len(display_list) / 2), i+1)
		if display_list[i].shape[-1] == 3:
			plt.imshow(tf.keras.preprocessing.image.array_to_img(display_list[i]))
		else:
			plt.imshow(display_list[i])
			plt.colorbar()
	plt.savefig(filepath, dpi=200)

def save_samples(filepath, save_list):
	handle = io.open(filepath, "a")
	json.dump(save_list, handle)
	handle.write("\n")
	handle.close()

def plot_predictions(filepath, input_items, colormap, model):
	filepath_jsonl = filepath.replace("_$$", "").replace(".png", ".jsonl")
	if os.path.exists(filepath_jsonl):
		os.truncate(filepath_jsonl, 0)
	
	i = 0
	for input_pair in input_items:
		prediction_mask = infer(image_tensor=input_pair[0], model=model)
		prediction_mask_argmax = tf.argmax(prediction_mask, axis=2)
		# label_colourmap = decode_segmentation_masks(input_pair[1], colormap, 2)
		prediction_colormap = decode_segmentation_masks(prediction_mask_argmax, colormap, 2)
		
		# print("DEBUG:plot_predictions INFER", str(prediction_mask.numpy().tolist()).replace("], [", "],\n["))
		
		plot_samples_matplotlib(
			filepath.replace("$$", str(i)),
			[
				# input_tensor,
				tf.math.reduce_max(input_pair[0][:,:,:-1], axis=-1), # rainfall only
				input_pair[0][:,:,-1], # heightmap
				input_pair[1], #label_colourmap,
				prediction_mask[:,:,1],
				prediction_colormap
			]
		)
		
		save_samples(
			filepath_jsonl,
			prediction_mask.numpy().tolist()
		)
		i += 1

def get_from_batched(dataset, count):
	result = []
	for batched in dataset:
		items_input = tf.unstack(batched[0], axis=0)
		items_label = tf.unstack(batched[1], axis=0)
		for item in zip(items_input, items_label):
			result.append(item)
			if len(result) >= count:
				return result


plot_predictions(
	os.path.join(DIR_OUTPUT, "predict_train_$$.png"),
	get_from_batched(dataset_train, PREDICT_COUNT),
	colormap,
	model=model
)
if not PREDICT_AS_ONE:
	plot_predictions(
		os.path.join(DIR_OUTPUT, "predict_validate_$$.png"),
		get_from_batched(dataset_validate, PREDICT_COUNT),
		colormap,
		model=model
	)

logger.info(f"Complete at {str(datetime.now().isoformat())}, elapsed {str((datetime.now() - time_start).total_seconds())} seconds")