Pepperminty-Wiki/core/05-functions.php

<?php

/**
 * Get the actual absolute origin of the request sent by the user.
 * @package core
 * @param  array	$s						The $_SERVER variable contents. Defaults to $_SERVER.
 * @param  bool		$use_forwarded_host		Whether to utilise the X-Forwarded-Host header when calculating the actual origin.
 * @return string							The actual origin of the user's request.
 */
function url_origin( $s = false, $use_forwarded_host = false )
{
	global $env;
	if($s === false) $s = $_SERVER;
	$ssl      = $env->is_secure;
	$sp       = strtolower( $s['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] );
	$protocol = substr( $sp, 0, strpos( $sp, '/' ) ) . ( ( $ssl ) ? 's' : '' );
	$port     = $s['SERVER_PORT'];
	$port     = ( ( ! $ssl && $port=='80' ) || ( $ssl && $port=='443' ) ) ? '' : ':'.$port;
	$host     = ( $use_forwarded_host && isset( $s['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST'] ) ) ? $s['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST'] : ( isset( $s['HTTP_HOST'] ) ? $s['HTTP_HOST'] : null );
	$host     = isset( $host ) ? $host : $s['SERVER_NAME'] . $port;
	return $protocol . '://' . $host;
}

/**
 * Get the full url, as requested by the client.
 * @package core
 * @see		http://stackoverflow.com/a/8891890/1460422	This Stackoverflow answer.
 * @param	array	$s                  The $_SERVER variable. Defaults to $_SERVER.
 * @param	bool		$use_forwarded_host Whether to take the X-Forwarded-Host header into account.
 * @return	string						The full url, as requested by the client.
 */
function full_url($s = false, $use_forwarded_host = false) {
	if($s == false) $s = $_SERVER;
	return url_origin( $s, $use_forwarded_host ) . $s['REQUEST_URI'];
}

/**
 * Get the stem URL at which this Pepperminty Wiki instance is located
 * You can just append ?get_params_here to this and it will be a valid URL.
 * Uses full_url() under the hood.
 * Note that this is based on the URL of the current request.
 * @param	array	$s					The $_SERVER variable (defaults to $_SERVER)
 * @param	bool	$use_forwarded_host	Whether to use the x-forwarded-host header or ignore it.
 * @return	string	The stem url, as described above
 */
function url_stem( $s = false, bool $use_forwarded_host = false) : string {
	// Calculate the stem from the current full URL by stripping everything after the question mark ('?')
	$url_stem = full_url();
	if(mb_strpos($url_stem, "?") !== false) $url_stem = mb_substr($url_stem, 0, mb_strpos($url_stem, "?"));
	return $url_stem;
}

/**
 * Converts a filesize into a human-readable string.
 * @package core
 * @see	http://php.net/manual/en/function.filesize.php#106569	The original source
 * @author	rommel
 * @author	Edited by Starbeamrainbowlabs
 * @param	int		$bytes		The number of bytes to convert.
 * @param	int		$decimals	The number of decimal places to preserve.
 * @return 	string				A human-readable filesize.
 */
function human_filesize($bytes, $decimals = 2)
{
	$sz = ["b", "kib", "mib", "gib", "tib", "pib", "eib", "yib", "zib"];
	$factor = floor((strlen($bytes) - 1) / 3);
	$result = round($bytes / pow(1024, $factor), $decimals);
	return $result . @$sz[$factor];
}

/**
 * Calculates the time since a particular timestamp and returns a
 * human-readable result.
 * @package core
 * @see http://goo.gl/zpgLgq The original source. No longer exists, maybe the wayback machine caught it :-(
 * @param	int		$time	The timestamp to convert.
 * @return	string	The time since the given timestamp as a human-readable string.
 */
function human_time_since($time)
{
	return human_time(time() - $time);
}
/**
 * Renders a given number of seconds as something that humans can understand more easily.
 * @package core
 * @param 	int		$seconds	The number of seconds to render.
 * @return	string	The rendered time.
 */
function human_time($seconds)
{
	$tokens = array (
		31536000 => 'year',
		2592000 => 'month',
		604800 => 'week',
		86400 => 'day',
		3600 => 'hour',
		60 => 'minute',
		1 => 'second'
	);
	foreach ($tokens as $unit => $text) {
		if ($seconds < $unit) continue;
		$numberOfUnits = floor($seconds / $unit);
		return $numberOfUnits.' '.$text.(($numberOfUnits>1)?'s':'').' ago';
	}
}

/**
 * A recursive glob() function.
 * @package core
 * @see http://in.php.net/manual/en/function.glob.php#106595	The original source
 * @author	Mike
 * @param	string	$pattern	The glob pattern to use to find filenames.
 * @param	int		$flags		The glob flags to use when finding filenames.
 * @return	array	An array of the filepaths that match the given glob.
 */
function glob_recursive($pattern, $flags = 0)
{
	$files = glob($pattern, $flags);
	foreach (glob(dirname($pattern).'/*', GLOB_ONLYDIR|GLOB_NOSORT) as $dir)
	{
		$prefix = "$dir/";
		// Remove the "./" from the beginning if it exists
		if(substr($prefix, 0, 2) == "./") $prefix = substr($prefix, 2);
		$files = array_merge($files, glob_recursive($prefix . basename($pattern), $flags));
	}
	return $files;
}

/**
 * Resolves a relative path against a given base directory.
 * @apiVersion	0.20.0
 * @source	https://stackoverflow.com/a/44312137/1460422
 * @param	string		$path		The relative path to resolve.
 * @param	string|null	$basePath	The base directory to resolve against.
 * @return	string		An absolute path.
 */
function path_resolve(string $path, string $basePath = null) {
	// Make absolute path
	if (substr($path, 0, 1) !== DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) {
		if ($basePath === null) {
			// Get PWD first to avoid getcwd() resolving symlinks if in symlinked folder
			$path=(getenv('PWD') ?: getcwd()).DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$path;
		} elseif (strlen($basePath)) {
			$path=$basePath.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$path;
		}
	}

	// Resolve '.' and '..'
	$components=array();
	foreach(explode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, rtrim($path, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR)) as $name) {
		if ($name === '..') {
			array_pop($components);
		} elseif ($name !== '.' && !(count($components) && $name === '')) {
			// … && !(count($components) && $name === '') - we want to keep initial '/' for abs paths
			$components[]=$name;
		}
	}

	return implode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $components);
}

/**
 * Gets the name of the parent page to the specified page.
 * @apiVersion 0.15.0
 * @package core
 * @param  string		$pagename	The child page to get the parent
 * 									page name for.
 * @return string|bool
 */
function get_page_parent($pagename) {
	if(mb_strpos($pagename, "/") === false)
		return false;
	return mb_substr($pagename, 0, mb_strrpos($pagename, "/"));
}

/**
 * Gets a list of all the sub pages of the current page.
 * @package core
 * @param	object	$pageindex	The pageindex to use to search.
 * @param	string	$pagename	The name of the page to list the sub pages of.
 * @return	object				An object containing all the subpages and their
 *     respective distances from the given page name in the pageindex tree.
 */
function get_subpages($pageindex, $pagename)
{
	$pagenames = get_object_vars($pageindex);
	$result = new stdClass();

	$stem = "$pagename/";
	$stem_length = strlen($stem);
	foreach($pagenames as $entry => $value)
	{
		if(substr($entry, 0, $stem_length) == $stem)
		{
			// We found a subpage

			// Extract the subpage's key relative to the page that we are searching for
			$subpage_relative_key = substr($entry, $stem_length, -3);
			// Calculate how many times removed the current subpage is from the current page. 0 = direct descendant.
			$times_removed = substr_count($subpage_relative_key, "/");
			// Store the name of the subpage we found
			$result->$entry = $times_removed;
		}
	}

	unset($pagenames);
	return $result;
}

/**
 * Makes sure that a subpage's parents exist.
 * Note this doesn't check the pagename itself.
 * @package	core
 * @param	string	$pagename	The pagename to check.
 * @param	bool	$create_dir	Whether to create an associated directory for subpages or not.
 */
function check_subpage_parents(string $pagename, bool $create_dir = true)
{
	global $pageindex, $paths, $env;
	// Save the new pageindex and return if there aren't any more parent pages to check
	if(strpos($pagename, "/") === false)
		return save_pageindex();
	
	$pagename = makepathsafe($pagename); // Just in case
	
	$parent_pagename = substr($pagename, 0, strrpos($pagename, "/"));
	$parent_page_filename = "$parent_pagename.md";
	if(!file_exists($env->storage_prefix . $parent_page_filename))
	{
		// This parent page doesn't exist! Create it and add it to the page index.
		touch($env->storage_prefix . $parent_page_filename, 0);
		
		$newentry = new stdClass();
		$newentry->filename = $parent_page_filename;
		$newentry->size = 0;
		$newentry->lastmodified = 0;
		$newentry->lasteditor = "none";
		$pageindex->$parent_pagename = $newentry;
	}
	if($create_dir) {
		$dirname = $env->storage_prefix . $parent_pagename;
		if(!file_exists($dirname))
			mkdir($dirname, 0755, true);
	}

	check_subpage_parents($parent_pagename, $create_dir);
}

/**
 * Makes a path (or page name) safe.
 * A safe path / page name may not contain:
	* Forward-slashes at the beginning
	* Multiple dots in a row
	* Odd characters (e.g. ?%*:|"<>() etc.)
 * A safe path may, however, contain unicode characters such as éôà etc.
 * @package core
 * @param	string	$string	The string to make safe.
 * @return	string			A safe version of the given string.
 */
function makepathsafe($string)
{
	// Old restrictive system
	//$string = preg_replace("/[^0-9a-zA-Z\_\-\ \/\.]/i", "", $string);
	// Remove reserved characters
	$string = preg_replace("/[?%*:|\"><()\\[\\]]/i", "", $string);
	// Collapse multiple dots into a single dot
	$string = preg_replace("/\.+/", ".", $string);
	// Don't allow slashes at the beginning
	$string = ltrim($string, "\\/");
	return $string;
}

/**
 * Hides an email address from bots by adding random html entities.
 * @todo			Make this more clevererer :D
 * @package core
 * @param	string	$str	The original email address
 * @return	string			The mangled email address.
 */
function hide_email($str)
{
	$hidden_email = "";
	for($i = 0; $i < strlen($str); $i++)
	{
		if($str[$i] == "@")
		{
			$hidden_email .= "&#" . ord("@") . ";";
			continue;
		}
		if(rand(0, 1) == 0)
			$hidden_email .= $str[$i];
		else
			$hidden_email .= "&#" . ord($str[$i]) . ";";
	}

	return $hidden_email;
}
/**
 * Checks to see if $haystack starts with $needle.
 * @package	core
 * @param	string	$haystack	The string to search.
 * @param	string	$needle		The string to search for at the beginning
 *                        		of $haystack.
 * @return	bool	Whether $needle can be found at the beginning of $haystack.
 */
function starts_with($haystack, $needle) {
	$length = strlen($needle);
	return (substr($haystack, 0, $length) === $needle);
}

/**
 * Case-insensitively finds all occurrences of $needle in $haystack. Handles
 * UTF-8 characters correctly.
 * @package core
 * @see	http://www.pontikis.net/tip/?id=16 the source
 * @see	http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.strpos.php#87061	the source that the above was based on
 * @param	string			$haystack	The string to search.
 * @param	string			$needle		The string to find.
 * @return	array|false					An array of match indices, or false if
 *                  					nothing was found.
 */
function mb_stripos_all($haystack, $needle) {
	$s = 0; $i = 0;
	while(is_integer($i)) {
		$i = mb_stripos($haystack, $needle, $s);
		if(is_integer($i)) {
			$aStrPos[] = $i;
			$s = $i + (function_exists("mb_strlen") ? mb_strlen($needle) : strlen($needle));
		}
	}
	if(isset($aStrPos))
		return $aStrPos;
	else
		return false;
}

/**
 * Tests whether a string starts with a specified substring.
 * @package core
 * @param 	string	$haystack	The string to check against.
 * @param 	string	$needle		The substring to look for.
 * @return	bool				Whether the string starts with the specified substring.
 */
function startsWith($haystack, $needle) {
	return $needle === "" || strrpos($haystack, $needle, -strlen($haystack)) !== false;
}
/**
 * Tests whether a string ends with a given substring.
 * @package core
 * @param  string $whole The string to test against.
 * @param  string $end   The substring test for.
 * @return bool          Whether $whole ends in $end.
 */
function endsWith($whole, $end) {
	return (strpos($whole, $end, strlen($whole) - strlen($end)) !== false);
}
/**
 * Replaces the first occurrence of $find with $replace.
 * @package core
 * @param  string $find    The string to search for.
 * @param  string $replace The string to replace the search string with.
 * @param  string $subject The string ot perform the search and replace on.
 * @return string		   The source string after the find and replace has been performed.
 */
function str_replace_once($find, $replace, $subject) {
	$index = strpos($subject, $find);
	if($index !== false)
		return substr_replace($subject, $replace, $index, strlen($find));
	return $subject;
}

/**
 * Returns the system's mime type mappings, considering the first extension
 * listed to be cacnonical.
 * @package core
 * @see http://stackoverflow.com/a/1147952/1460422 From this stackoverflow answer
 * @author	chaos
 * @author	Edited by Starbeamrainbowlabs
 * @return array	An array of mime type mappings.
 */
function system_mime_type_extensions() {
	global $settings;
	$out = array();
	$file = fopen($settings->mime_extension_mappings_location, 'r');
	while(($line = fgets($file)) !== false) {
		$line = trim(preg_replace('/#.*/', '', $line));
		if(!$line)
			continue;
		$parts = preg_split('/\s+/', $line);
		if(count($parts) == 1)
			continue;
		$type = array_shift($parts);
		if(!isset($out[$type]))
			$out[$type] = array_shift($parts);
	}
	fclose($file);
	return $out;
}

/**
 * Converts a given mime type to it's associated file extension.
 * @package core
 * @see http://stackoverflow.com/a/1147952/1460422 From this stackoverflow answer
 * @author	chaos
 * @author	Edited by Starbeamrainbowlabs
 * @param  string $type The mime type to convert.
 * @return string       The extension for the given mime type.
 */
function system_mime_type_extension($type) {
	static $exts;
	if(!isset($exts))
		$exts = system_mime_type_extensions();
	return isset($exts[$type]) ? $exts[$type] : null;
}

/**
 * Returns the system MIME type mapping of extensions to MIME types.
 * @package core
 * @see http://stackoverflow.com/a/1147952/1460422 From this stackoverflow answer
 * @author	chaos
 * @author	Edited by Starbeamrainbowlabs
 * @return array An array mapping file extensions to their associated mime types.
 */
function system_extension_mime_types() {
	global $settings;
	$out = array();
	$file = fopen($settings->mime_extension_mappings_location, 'r');
	while(($line = fgets($file)) !== false) {
		$line = trim(preg_replace('/#.*/', '', $line));
		if(!$line)
			continue;
		$parts = preg_split('/\s+/', $line);
		if(count($parts) == 1)
			continue;
		$type = array_shift($parts);
		foreach($parts as $part)
			$out[$part] = $type;
	}
	fclose($file);
	return $out;
}
/**
 * Converts a given file extension to it's associated mime type.
 * @package core
 * @see http://stackoverflow.com/a/1147952/1460422 From this stackoverflow answer
 * @author	chaos
 * @author	Edited by Starbeamrainbowlabs
 * @param  string $ext The extension to convert.
 * @return string      The mime type associated with the given extension.
 */
function system_extension_mime_type($ext) {
	static $types;
	if(!isset($types))
		$types = system_extension_mime_types();
	$ext = strtolower($ext);
	return isset($types[$ext]) ? $types[$ext] : null;
}

/**
 * Creates an images containing the specified text.
 * Useful for sending errors back to the client.
 * @package core
 * @param	string	$text			The text to include in the image.
 * @param	int		$target_size	The target width to aim for when creating 
 * 									the image. Not not specified, a value is 
 * 									determined automatically.
 * @return	resource				The handle to the generated GD image.
 */
function errorimage($text, $target_size = null)
{
	$width = 0;
	$height = 0;
	$border_size = 10; // in px, if $target_size isn't null has no effect
	$line_spacing = 2; // in px
	$font_size = 5; // 1 - 5
	
	$font_width = imagefontwidth($font_size);	// in px
	$font_height = imagefontheight($font_size);	// in px
	$text_lines = array_map("trim", explode("\n", $text));
	
	if(!empty($target_size)) {
		$width = $target_size;
		$height = $target_size * (2 / 3);
	}
	else {
		$height = count($text_lines) * $font_height + 
			(count($text_lines) - 1) * $line_spacing +
			$border_size * 2;
		foreach($text_lines as $line)
			$width = max($width, $font_width * mb_strlen($line));
		$width += $border_size * 2;
	}
	
	$image = imagecreatetruecolor($width, $height);
	imagefill($image, 0, 0, imagecolorallocate($image, 250, 249, 251)); // Set the background to #faf8fb
	
	$i = 0;
	foreach($text_lines as $line) {
		imagestring($image, $font_size,
			($width / 2) - (($font_width * mb_strlen($line)) / 2),
			$border_size + $i * ($font_height + $line_spacing),
			$line,
			imagecolorallocate($image, 68, 39, 113) // #442772
		);
		$i++;	
	}
	
	return $image;
}

/**
 * Generates a stack trace.
 * @package core
 * @param	bool	$log_trace	Whether to send the stack trace to the error log.
 * @param	bool	$full		Whether to output a full description of all the variables involved.
 * @return	string				A string prepresentation of a stack trace.
 */
function stack_trace($log_trace = true, $full = false)
{
	$result = "";
	$stackTrace = debug_backtrace();
	$stackHeight = count($stackTrace);
	foreach ($stackTrace as $i => $stackEntry)
	{
		$result .= "#" . ($stackHeight - $i) . ": ";
		$result .= (isset($stackEntry["file"]) ? $stackEntry["file"] : "(unknown file)") . ":" . (isset($stackEntry["line"]) ? $stackEntry["line"] : "(unknown line)") . " - ";
		if(isset($stackEntry["function"]))
		{
			$result .= "(calling " . $stackEntry["function"];
			if(isset($stackEntry["args"]) && count($stackEntry["args"]))
			{
				$result .= ": ";
				$result .= implode(", ", array_map($full ? "var_dump_ret" : "var_dump_short", $stackEntry["args"]));
			}
		}
		$result .= ")\n";
	}
	if($log_trace)
		error_log($result);
	return $result;
}
/**
 * Calls var_dump() and returns the output.
 * @package core
 * @param	mixed	$var	The thing to pass to var_dump().
 * @return	string			The output captured from var_dump().
 */
function var_dump_ret($var)
{
	ob_start();
	var_dump($var);
	return ob_get_clean();
}

/**
 * Calls var_dump(), shortening the output for various types.
 * @package core
 * @param	mixed 	$var	The thing to pass to var_dump().
 * @return	string			A shortened version of the var_dump() output.
 */
function var_dump_short($var)
{
	$result = trim(var_dump_ret($var));
	if(substr($result, 0, 6) === "object" || substr($result, 0, 5) === "array")
	{
		$result = substr($result, 0, strpos($result, " ")) . " { ... }";
	}
	return $result;
}

if (!function_exists('getallheaders'))  {
	/**
	 * Polyfill for PHP's native getallheaders() function on platforms that
	 * don't have it.
	 * @package core
	 * @todo	Identify which platforms don't have it and whether we still need this
	 */
	function getallheaders() {
		if (!is_array($_SERVER))
			return [];

		$headers = array();
		foreach ($_SERVER as $name => $value) {
			if (substr($name, 0, 5) == 'HTTP_') {
				$headers[str_replace(' ', '-', ucwords(strtolower(str_replace('_', ' ', substr($name, 5)))))] = $value;
			}
		}
		return $headers;
	}
}
/**
 * Renders a timestamp in HTML.
 * @package core
 * @param	int		$timestamp	The timestamp to render.
 * @param	boolean	$absolute	Whether the time should be displayed absolutely, or relative to the current time.
 * @param	boolean	$html		Whether the result should formatted as HTML (true) or plain text (false).
 * @return string         HTML representing the given timestamp.
 */
function render_timestamp($timestamp, $absolute = false, $html = true) {
	$time_rendered = $absolute ? date("Y-m-d g:ia e", $timestamp) : human_time_since($timestamp);
	if($html)
		return "<time class='cursor-query' datetime='".date("c",  $timestamp)."' title='" . date("l jS \of F Y \a\\t h:ia T", $timestamp) . "'>$time_rendered</time>";
	else
		return $time_rendered;
}
/**
 * Renders a page name in HTML.
 * @package core
 * @param  object $rchange The recent change to render as a page name
 * @return string          HTML representing the name of the given page.
 */
function render_pagename($rchange) {
	global $pageindex;
	$pageDisplayName = $rchange->page;
	if(isset($pageindex->$pageDisplayName) and !empty($pageindex->$pageDisplayName->redirect))
		$pageDisplayName = "<em>$pageDisplayName</em>";
	$pageDisplayLink = "<a href='?page=" . rawurlencode($rchange->page) . "'>$pageDisplayName</a>";
	return $pageDisplayName;
}
/**
 * Renders an editor's or a group of editors name(s) in HTML.
 * @package core
 * @param  string $editorName The name of the editor to render.
 * @return string             HTML representing the given editor's name.
 */
function render_editor($editorName) {
	return "<span class='editor'>&#9998; $editorName</span>";
}

/**
 * Minifies CSS. Uses simple computationally-cheap optimisations to reduce size.
 * CSS Minification ideas by Jean from catswhocode.com
 * @source	http://www.catswhocode.com/blog/3-ways-to-compress-css-files-using-php
 * @apiVersion		0.20.0
 * @param	string	$css_str	The string of CSS to minify.
 * @return	string	The minified CSS string.
 */
function minify_css(string $css_str) : string {
	// Remove comments
	$result = preg_replace('!/\*[^*]*\*+([^/][^*]*\*+)*/!', "", $css_str);
	// Cut down whitespace
	$result = preg_replace('/\s+/', " ", $result);
	// Remove whitespace after colons and semicolons
	$result = str_replace([
		" :", ": ", "; ",
		" { ", " } ", "{ ", " {", "} ", " }",
		", ", "0."
	], [
		":", ":", ";",
		"{", "}", "{", "{", "}", "}",
		",", "."
	], $result);
	return $result;
}

/**
 * Saves the settings file back to peppermint.json.
 * @package	core
 * @return	bool	Whether the settings were saved successfully.
 */
function save_settings() {
	global $paths, $settings;
	return file_put_contents($paths->settings_file, json_encode($settings, JSON_PRETTY_PRINT)) !== false;
}
/**
 * Save the page index back to disk, respecting $settings->minify_pageindex
 * @package	core
 * @return	bool	Whether the page index was saved successfully or not.
 */
function save_pageindex() {
	global $paths, $settings, $pageindex;
	return file_put_contents(
		$paths->pageindex,
		json_encode($pageindex, $settings->minify_pageindex ? 0 : JSON_PRETTY_PRINT)
	);
}

/**
 * Saves the currently logged in user's data back to peppermint.json.
 * @package	core
 * @return	bool	Whether the user's data was saved successfully. Returns false if the user isn't logged in.
 */
function save_userdata() {
	global $env, $settings, $paths;
	
	if(!$env->is_logged_in)
		return false;
	
	$settings->users->{$env->user} = $env->user_data;
	
	return save_settings();
}

/**
 * Figures out the path to the user page for a given username.
 * Does not check to make sure the user acutally exists. 
 * @package core
 * @param  string $username The username to get the path to their user page for.
 * @return string           The path to the given user's page.
 */
function get_user_pagename($username) {
	global $settings;
	return "$settings->user_page_prefix/$username";
}
/**
 * Extracts a username from a user page path.
 * @package core
 * @param  string $userPagename The suer page path to extract from.
 * @return string               The name of the user that the user page belongs to.
 */
function extract_user_from_userpage($userPagename) {
	global $settings;
	$matches = [];
	preg_match("/$settings->user_page_prefix\\/([^\\/]+)\\/?/", $userPagename, $matches);
	
	return $matches[1];
}

/**
 * Sends a plain text email to a user, replacing {username} with the specified username.
 * @package core
 * @param	string	$username	The username to send the email to.
 * @param	string	$subject	The subject of the email.
 * @param	string	$body		The body of the email.
 * @param	bool	$ignore_verification	Whether to ignore user email verification status and send the email anyway. Defaults to false.
 * @return	bool	Whether the email was sent successfully or not. Currently, this may fail if the user doesn't have a registered email address.
 */
function email_user(string $username, string $subject, string $body, bool $ignore_verification = false) : bool
{
	global $version, $env, $settings;
	
	static $literator = null;
	if($literator == null) $literator = Transliterator::createFromRules(':: Any-Latin; :: Latin-ASCII; :: NFD; :: [:Nonspacing Mark:] Remove; :: NFC;', Transliterator::FORWARD);
	
	// If the user doesn't have an email address, then we can't email them :P
	if(empty($settings->users->{$username}->emailAddress))
		return false;
	
	// If email address verification is required but hasn't been done for this user, skip them
	if(empty($env->user_data->emailAddressVerified) && !$ignore_verification)
		return false;
	
	
	$headers = [
		"x-mailer" => ini_get("user_agent"),
		"reply-to" => "$settings->admindetails_name <$settings->admindetails_email>"
	];
	
	// Correctly encode the subject
	if($settings->email_subject_utf8)
		$subject = "=?utf-8?B?" . base64_encode($username) . "?=";
	else
		$subject = $literator->transliterate($subject);
	
	// Correctly encode the message body
	if($settings->email_body_utf8)
		$headers["content-type"] = "text/plain; charset=utf-8";
	else {
		$headers["content-type"] = "text/plain";
		$body = $literator->transliterate($body);
	}
	
	$subject = str_replace("{username}", $username, $subject);
	$body = str_replace("{username}", $username, $body);
	
	$compiled_headers = "";
	foreach($headers as $header => $value)
		$compiled_headers .= "$header: $value\r\n";
	
	if($settings->email_debug_dontsend) {
		error_log("[PeppermintyWiki/$settings->sitename/email] Username: $username ({$settings->users->{$username}->emailAddress})
Subject: $subject
----- Headers -----
$compiled_headers
-------------------
----- Body -----
$body
----------------");
		return true;
	}
	else
		return mail($settings->users->{$username}->emailAddress, $subject, $body, $compiled_headers, "-t");
}
/**
 * Sends a plain text email to a list of users, replacing {username} with each user's name.
 * @package core
 * @param  string[]	$usernames	A list of usernames to email.
 * @param  string	$subject	The subject of the email.
 * @param  string	$body		The body of the email.
 * @return int					The number of emails sent successfully.
 */
function email_users($usernames, string $subject, string $body) : int
{
	$emailsSent = 0;
	foreach($usernames as $username)
	{
		$emailsSent += email_user($username, $subject, $body) ? 1 : 0;
	}
	return $emailsSent;
}

/**
 * Recursively deletes a directory and it's contents.
 * Adapted by Starbeamrainbowlabs
 * @param	string	$path			The path to the directory to delete.
 * @param	bool	$delete_self	Whether to delete the top-level directory. Set this to false to delete only a directory's contents
 * @source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4490637/recursive-delete
 */
function delete_recursive($path, $delete_self = true) {
	$it = new RecursiveIteratorIterator(
		new RecursiveDirectoryIterator($path),
		RecursiveIteratorIterator::CHILD_FIRST
	);
	foreach ($it as $file) {
		if (in_array($file->getBasename(), [".", ".."]))
			continue;
		if($file->isDir())
			rmdir($file->getPathname());
		else
			unlink($file->getPathname());
	}
	if($delete_self) rmdir($path);
}

/**
 * Generates a crytographically-safe random id of the given length.
 * @param	int		$length		The length of id to generate.
 * @return	string	The random id.
 */
function crypto_id(int $length) : string {
	// It *should* be the right length already, but it doesn't hurt to be safe
	return substr(strtr(
		base64_encode(random_bytes($length * 0.75)),
		[ "=" => "", "+" => "-", "/" => "_"]
	), 0, $length);
}

/**
 * Returns whether we are both on the cli AND the cli is enabled.
 * @return boolean
 */
function is_cli() : bool {
	global $settings;
	return php_sapi_name() == "cli" &&
		$settings->cli_enabled;
}

function metrics2servertiming(stdClass $perfdata) : string {
	$result = [];
	foreach($perfdata as $key => $value) {
		$result[] = str_replace("_", "", $key).";dur=$value";
	}
	return "foo, ".implode(", ", $result);
}

/**
 * Sets a cookie on the client via the set-cookie header.
 * Uses setcookie() under-the-hood.
 * @param  string $key     The cookie name to set.
 * @param  string $value   The cookie value to set.
 * @param  int    $expires The expiry time to set on the cookie.
 * @return void
 */
function send_cookie(string $key, $value, int $expires) : void {
	global $env, $settings;
	
	$cookie_secure = true;
	switch ($settings->cookie_secure) {
		case "false":
			$cookie_secure = false;
			break;
		case "auto":
		default:
			$cookie_secure = $env->is_secure;
			break;
	}
	
	if(version_compare(PHP_VERSION, "7.3.0") >= 0) {
		// Phew! We're running PHP 7.3+, so we're ok to use the array syntax
		setcookie($key, $value, [
			"expires" => $expires,
			"secure" => $cookie_secure,
			"httponly" => true,
			"samesite" => "Strict"
		]);
	}
	else {
		if(!$env->is_secure) error_log("[pepperminty_wiki/$settings->sitename] Warning: You are using a version of PHP that is less than 7.3. This is not recommended - as the samesite cookie flag can't be set in PHP 7.3-, and this is insecure - as it opens you to session stealing attacks. In addition, browsers have deprecated non-samesite cookies in insecure contexts. Please upgrade today!");
		setcookie($key, $value, $expires, "", "", $cookie_secure, true);
	}
}